Understanding Female Infertility

Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for female infertility. Our experts at AFIC are here to support your journey to parenthood.

Female Reproductive System

Understanding the complex system that enables fertility and pregnancy

The Complex Female Reproductive System

The reproductive function in Females is a complex system. It comprises a number of organs which have different roles to play in the process. Since the birth of the child in her mother's womb, till the point when she gives birth, and even afterwards, the reproductive system of a woman is continuously functioning to take care of different aspects to her fertility.

The system runs a number of different mechanisms that work in co-ordination with one another to maintain fertility, sustain pregnancy and accomplish childbirth. If any of these mechanisms are disturbed in some way, the ability of the woman to give birth to healthy children, might be critically compromised.

What is Female Infertility?

Understanding the medical definition and prevalence

Definition of Female Infertility

In medical practice, when a woman has been struggling with pregnancy for more than 12 months, even after engaging in unprotected penetrative intercourse with a healthy man, for at least a few times during each menstrual cycle, the condition is called Female Infertility.

How Common is Infertility in Women?

Female Infertility is a common occurrence among women in their 20s and 30s. Young women who belong to the 20-30 age groups are more likely to have a healthy reproductive health. However, with increasing age, infertility becomes more prevalent in women. Especially after 40-45, most women hit menopause.

What Causes Infertility in Females?

Female Infertility can happen due to multiple reasons like age or leading an unhealthy lifestyle. Sometimes, people are born with some physical or genetic conditions which lead to infertility later in life. Underlying health conditions like autoimmune can also be factors causing infertility.

The Menstrual Cycle

Visualizing the hormonal changes and ovarian function throughout the cycle

This animation demonstrates the changes in the ovary and uterus throughout the menstrual cycle, showing follicle development and endometrial changes.

Symptoms of Female Infertility

Recognizing the signs that may indicate fertility issues

Irregular Periods

While occasional irregularities in periods are normal, persistent or frequent irregularities in addition to difficulties with getting pregnant indicate possible infertility.

What it could be:

Painful Periods

While every woman is familiar with cramps during periods, excessive or lasting pain that hinders daily life, could hint at infertility, especially if she struggles with pregnancy.

Excessive Bleeding

During periods, the endometrial tissue breaks down and is discharged with blood. However, sometimes patients struggling to get pregnant notice excessive bleeding during periods.

What it could be:

Abnormal Pain

Pain in the region surrounding the abdomen and lower back can be caused by fertility conditions. Such conditions may also trigger pain during intercourse, urination and bowel movements.

Possible reasons:

Hair and Skin Problems

Some women facing infertility experience problems with dermal health. Issues like excessive hair growth, hair thinning, oily skin with acne are common in patients.

Possible causes:

Low Libido and Fatigue

Loss of sexual desire and general fatigue is commonly seen in older women. Such symptoms are possible in younger women too, especially if they suffer from infertility.

Possible causes:

Pregnancy Problems

If you're experiencing problems in getting pregnant or you're encountering miscarriages repeatedly especially before the 12-14th week of pregnancy, you should visit an expert.

Possible causes:

Factors Causing Infertility in Women

Various biological, genetic, and lifestyle factors that can contribute to female infertility

Age

Most women reach their menopause in their 50s. With age their fertility reduces drastically owing to lowered hormones, ovarian function and uterine health.

Birth Defects

Sometimes, women are born with defects in their reproductive system. Cases like missing fallopian tubes or abnormal uterus structure causes infertility.

Congenital Disease

If the patient carries congenital diseases like Turner's Syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Kallmann Syndrome she may suffer infertility later in life.

Autoimmune Conditions

Autoimmune conditions are one of the leading causes of female infertility, since they damage reproductive tissues, hinder hormone balance and impede pregnancy.

Poor Physical Health

Among the patients coming to our clinic, a significant majority is observed with poor health. Obesity and low body weight can cause ovulation disorders.

Bad Lifestyle and Diet

Lifestyle factors can increase fertility in young women. It's important to maintain a healthy weight and involve in moderate exercise and a nutritious diet.

STIs

Sexually Transmitted Infections like Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, AIDS can cause ovulation problems and pelvic inflammatory disorders leading to infertility.

Underlying Health Issues

Underlying health conditions like Thyroid disorders, PCOS, Endometriosis, Cysts and Fibroids are among the most common causes of infertility in women.

Cancer

Cancers of ovaries, cervix and uterus can cause infertility directly. Also if that patient has taken Chemotherapy Or Radiotherapy for cancer, she may be rendered infertile.

Common Female Infertility Diagnosis Techniques

Advanced methods to identify and understand female fertility issues

1

Hormone Testing

A typical venous blood sample is taken from the patient for testing levels of many hormones such as Estrogen, LH, Estradiol, Prolactin, TSH, Insulin etc.

2

Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is a minimally-invasive surgical technique that is used to diagnose fibroids and polyps and also many structural disorders of the uterus and tubes.

3

Urinalysis

Urinalysis is an important diagnosis test for females. The test reveals the presence of UTI (Urinary Tract Infections) and helps trace the LH levels during ovulation.

4

Ultrasound

Transvaginal Ultrasound is a common method in female infertility diagnosis. The test allows doctors to visualize the female reproductive system through sound wave imaging.

5

Ovarian Reserve Testing

Ovarian Reserve is an important parameter deciding female fertility. The test makes an evaluation of the number of healthy oocyte follicles remaining in the ovaries.

6

Hysterosalpingography

This is a radiology test that is performed to make an assessment of the shape and space of the fallopian tubes and uterus core, using a contrast material.

Seeing Any of These Symptoms?

Call us to schedule an appointment and start on your infertility treatment journey.

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Additional Resources

Expand your knowledge about female infertility

Further Learning

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